Annotation guidelines
corpora annotated for multiword expressions

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Syntactic variants of VMWEs

VMWEs occurring in a corpus can have various syntactic structures. Since the linguistic tests are structure-driven (cf. e.g. structural tests), there is a necessity to neutralize variation before the tests are applied. In this section we introduce definitions answering these needs.

Prototypical forms

A (candidate) VMWE in its prototypical form (if it exists) is a verbal phrase in active voice whose head verb is in a finite form and whose other lexicalized components depend either on the verb or on another lexicalized component. The VMWE can also contain coordinated verbs. These phrases can be:

• Partly saturated, where only some of their arguments are lexicalized:
قرارا أخذ he made a decision make a decision
أنظار الخطف he kidnapped the sight to grab attention
كلمة ألقى he threw a word make a speech
пиля нечии нерви scrape someone's nerves to annoy someone
вземам трудно решение make a difficult decision to make a difficult decision
traf eine Entscheidung made a decision
nahm sich das zu Herzen took this to heart
παίρνω μία απόφασηperno mia apofasi take-1SG a-FE.SG.AC difficult-FE.SG.AC decision-FE.SG.AC to make a difficult decision
παίρνω τα μέτρα μου perno ta metra mou take-1.SG the-NE.PL.AC measures-NE.PL.AC my-1.SG.GE.POSS to take precautions
γράφω στα παλιά μου τα παπούτσια κάποιονgrafo sta palia mu ta paputsia kapion him-MA.SG.AC write-1.SG to-the-NE.PL.AC old-NE.PL.AC my-1.SG.GE.POSS shoes-NE.PL.AC I ignore someone
θα μπορούσα να έχω πάρει μία άλλη απόφασηθa borusa na echo pari mia ali apofasi could-1SG to have-1SG take-INF one.SG.ACC other.SG.ACC decision I could have made another decision
made a decision
break her heart
took this to heart
could take this to heart
would have been making a decision
could have made a different decision
tomó una decisión took.he/she a decision he/she made a decision
le hubiera roto el corazón him/her would_have broken.he/she the heart he/she would have broken his/her heart
se lo tomaría muy a pecho him/her it would_take very to breast he/she would to it deeply to heart
erabakia hartu decision take make the decision
erabaki bat hartu decision one take make a decision
erabaki garrantzitsuak hartzen ari ziren decision importants taking they-were they were making important decisions
a eu du courage has had some courage had courage
déan comhairle make direction make a decision
déan dearmad ar rud do forgetfulness on something forget something
χάριν αποδίδωμιkharin apodidо̄mi gratitude.ACC give.1SG to show gratitude
podnijeti ostavku to submit resign to resign, uzeti što k srcu to take something to heart to think about something seriously
sétát tesz to take a walk
prendere una decisionemake a decision take a decision
spezzare il cuorebreak the heart break the heart
prendere a cuore take to heart take to heart
nam een beslissing made a decision
nam het ter harte took this to heart
podjął niejedną trudną decyzję took.3.SG not-one hard decision he took several hard decisions
eles deram uma caminhada they gave a walk they took a walk
a trece ceva cu vederea to pass sth with sight.the.ACC to overlook
a trece ceva sub tăcere to keep something under silence.ACC to keep quiet about something
zlomiti komu srce to break someone's heart to hurt someone's feelings bad
vzeti si k srcu take something to heart to think about something seriously
bi si lahko to vzel k srcu could take this to heart could think about this seriously
bo v pomoč will be in help will be helpful
vë në dukje put in appearance point out
ka në dorë have in hand have control over
i bie shkurt hit it short cut to the chase
mbaj mend hold mind remember
thyej zemrën e dikujt break the heart of someone break someone's heart
hap zemrën open heart open up, confide
донети одлуку doneti odluku to bring a decision to make a decision (to decide)
fattade ett belsut made a decision
做 一 个 决定 (2 words, 2 tokens) do one CL decision to make a decision
• Partly saturated, where the lexicalized arguments include the subject:
لسانه فلانٌ ابتلع someone swallowed his tongue hold one's tongue
излиза ми име appears for-me.DAT name a name sticks for/to me
чашата на търпението ми прелива glass.DET of patience my.POS overflows my patience runs out
ein Vöglein hat mir gezwitschert a little bird has to me twittered a little bird told me
μου έφυγε ο τάκος me.GEN left the chosk I was very tired
a little bird told someone, the problem lies in something
me lo ha dicho un pajarito to_me it has said a little_bird a little bird has told me
txoritxo batek kontatu dit little-bird one told me a little bird told me
περί πολλοῦ ποιέομαιperi pollou poieomai above much.GEN do.1SG to hold in high esteem
problem leži u čemu the problem lies in something
me lo ha detto un uccellino to me it told a little bird a little bird told me
blaffende honden bijten niet barking dogs bite not his bark is worse than his bite
geen haar op mijn hoofd die eraan denkt no hair on my head which it of thinks I would not dream of it
mina komuś zrzedła the face someone.DAT thinned one lost one's confidence
a sua hora chegou your time has arrived your time has come
a mustra cugetul (pe cineva) to chide consciousness-the (PE_Acc somebody) the consciousness chides (PE somebody)
srce pade v hlače komu (someone's) heart drops into the pants one is lacking courage to do something , sekira pade v med komu (someone's) hatchet falls in honey one gets lucky
më zien gjaku to me boils the blood my blood boils
потонуле су некоме све лађе potonule su nekome sve lađe all someones ships sank someone is completely ruined
пао некоме мрак на очи pao nekome mrak na oči darkness fell on someones eyes someone lost control over oneself
en liten fågel viskade i mitt öra a little bird whispered in my ear a little bird told me
• Partly saturated, where lexicalized head verbs are coordinated:
цъфна и вържа to blossom and give fruit (usually sarcastically) to prosper
leben und leben lassen to live and let live to live and let live
απορώ και εξίσταμαι aporo ke existame wonder1.SG and be-amazed1.SG to wonder
drink and drive
coser y cantar to_sew and to_sing easy as pie, a piece of cake
ikusi eta ikasi see and learn
ἠντεβόλει καὶ ἱκετεύεēntebolei kai iketeue supplicate.3SG and beseech.3SG he begged and beseeched
žariti i paliti to stoke and to burn to be powerful , vedriti i oblačiti to brighten and to cloud to be poweful
vivi e lascia vivere to live and let live to live and let live
leven en laten leven to live and let live to live and let live
pluł i łapał he spit and catched (he) was lazy, (he) did nothing useful
pintar e bordar paint and knit to abuse
a tunat și i-a adunatit.has thundered and CL.ACC-it.has gatheredbirds of a feather flock together
seamănă, dar nu răsaresow.3SG (homonym of resemble), but not sprout.3SGnot to resemble
živi in pusti živeti to live and let live to live and let live
hyj e dal enter and exit come and go
ведрити и облачити vedriti i oblačiti to brighten and (to) cloud to call the shots
мислити и цвеће брати (није исто) misliti i cveće brati (nije isto) to think and (to) pick flowers (is not the same) to think and put into action are different things
det knallar och går it trots and walks it is OK / things are reasonably good
试试 看 try look to try and see
• Fully saturated:
فأراولدفالجبلتمخضthe mountain gave birth to a mouse It refers to great promises and great labors that produce little result
пиле не може да прехвръкне bird cannot fly in it is very strictly guarded
der frühe Vogel fängt den Wurmthe early bird catches the wormthe early bird catches the worm
το έξυπνο πουλί από τη μύτη πιάνεται the clever bird is-caught-3SG by the nose people who consider themelves clever fail
the early bird catches the worm
los ojos son el reflejo del alma the eyes are the reflection from_the soul the eyes are the window to the soul
aho hertsitik ez da eulirik sartzen mouth shut-from no is fly coming-in a shut mouth catches no flies
à quelque chose malheur est bon for something bad luck is good bad experiences may bring unexpected positive effects
tá dhá thaobh ar an mbád there are two sides on the boat there are two sides to every story
ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν καταφεύγωepi tēn hestian katapheugо̄ I fled to the heart I appealed for amnesty
tko rano rani, dvije sreće grabi who early comes, two lucks grabs the early bird catches the worm
il mattino ha l'oro in boccathe morning has the gold in mouth the early bird catches the worm
hoge bomen vangen veel wind high trees catch a lot of windthe bigger they are, the harder they fall
de kogel is door de kerk the bullet is through the church the die is cast
nie od razu Kraków zbudowano not at once Cracow was built Rome was not built in a day
kości zostały rzuconethe dice have been thrownalea iacta est
quem vê cara não vê coração who sees face doesn't see heart a person can lie/omit his/her feelings
se revarsă zorile Refl.Cl.3sg.Acc. flow_out dawns it is getting morning
kdor prej pride, prej melje who comes first, mills first it's on a first-come, first-serve basis
še pes ima rad pri jedi mir even the dog does not want to be disturbed during its meals do not bother people during their meals
Një lule nuk sjell pranverën One flower doesn't bring spring One swallow doesn't make a summer
нужда закон мења nužda zakon menja necessity changes the law in great need one does whatever is necessary
удри бригу на весеље udri brigu na veselje turn worries to joy do not worry
哑巴 吃 黄连 dumb-person eat bitter-medicine a dumb person eats bitter medicine, and he cannot speak out the bitterness

Meaning-preserving variants

Meaning-preserving variants of a (candidate) VMWE include notably:

• Verbal expressions with analytical tenses and modals:
جيدة قراراتاتخذ وا they made decisions good they made good decisions
щях да съм взел важно решение I would have made a decition
Η Μαρία έχει πάρει την απόφασή τηςi Maria echi pari tin apofasi tis the Maria has-3.PR.SG taken the-FE.SG.AC decision-FE.SG.AC hers-3.SG.GE Maria has made her decision, Maria has decided
Η Μαρία θα πάρει την απόφασή τηςi Maria tha pari tin apofasi tis the Maria wii take the decision hers Maria will decide
they have made a decision
we are making a decision
han tomado una decisión have taken_they a decision they have made a decision
ils ont pris une décision they have made a decision
γνώμην ἔχοιτεgnо̄mēn ekhoite opinion.ACC have.OPT.2PL you (all) may have an opinion
γνώμην ἔσχεgnо̄mēn eskhe opinion.ACC have.AOR.3SG he had an opinion
mi smo donijeli odluku we have made the decision
hanno preso una decisione they have made a decision
zij hebben een beslissing genomen they have made a decision
będzie podejmował niejedną trudną decyzję will take several hard decisions
Estou tomando uma decisão I-am taking a decision I am making a decision
eles haviam tomado uma decisão they had made a decision
noi am luat decizia we have made the decision
je zlomil komu srce has broken someone's heart has hurt bad someone's feelings
Ka dalë nga kontrolli It has gotten out of control It has spiraled out of control
тек што су били донели одлуку tek što su bili doneli odluku they had only brought a decision they had only made a decision
• Nominal groups (headed by nominal complements from the prototypical VMWEs) with relative clauses:
جيد اتخذتهالذيقرارالthe decision that i made is good
решението, което взех decision.DET which I.PRODROP made the decision which I made
Entscheidungen die wir trafen decisions which we made
Herzen die wir gebrochen haben hearts which we broke have hearts which we have broken
η απόφαση που πήραμεi apofasi pu pirame the decision we took the decision we made
decisions which we made
heart which we broke
la decisión que tomamos es arriesgada the decision which took_we is bold the decision we made is bold
no te imaginas la ilusión que le hizo not you imagine_you the excitement which to_him/to_her made_it you cannot imagine how excited he/she was by it
hartutako erabakia taken decision the decision (which was) made
les décisions que nous avons prises hier sont bonnes the decisions that we have taken yesterday are good the decisions that we have made yesterday are good
δόξαν ἣν ἔνιοι ἔχουσι περὶ τῆς Νικοφήμου οὐσίαςdoxan hēn enioi ekhousi peri tēs Nikophēmou ousias opinion which some have.3PL about the Nicophemus’ property the opinion which some hold about Nicophemus' property
odluka koju je donio decisions which he took
la decisione che prendemmo the decision which we took the decision which we made
i cuori che abbiamo spezzato the hearts which we have broken hearts which we have broken
de beslissingen die we hebben genomen the decisions which we have made
decyzje, które podjął decisions which he took
a apresentação que Maria fez the presentation that Mary made
decizia pe care am luat-o the decision that we have made
srca, ki jih je zlomil hearts which he has broken (people's) feelings which he hurt bad
loja në të cilën u vura The game in which I was put The way in which I was mocked
одлуке које смо донели odluke koje smo doneli the decisions that we brought the decisions that we made
他 所 做 的 决定 he which make DE decision the decision he made
• Non-finite verbal clauses (with infinitives, participles, gerunds, regular nominalizations, masdars, etc.)
ضدهمتخذالإجراء والكشف عن ال And disclose the action taken against him
قرارالأخذ ربما تكرهني للمخاطرة و لكن كان علي you may hate me for taking risks but i have to make a decision
خروجا خرج he+exit exit he went out
ه نهضت تحقيق على المجتمع on the society achievement renaissance its The society must achieve its renaissance
взетите вече решения the decisions already made
броящ звезди who counts stars
неразбитите все още от него сърца the hearts not yet broken by him
вземайки това решение (while) making this decision
aus|machen out|make open
eine Entscheidung treffen a decision meet to make a decision
früher getroffene Entscheidungen earlier made decisions
έχω πάρει την απόφασή μου echo pari tin apofasi mu have-1.SG.PR taken the decision me I have made my decision
παίρνοντας αποφάσεις pernontas apofasis taking decisions making decisions
κάνοντας πλάκαkanontas plaka making fun having fun
we want to make a decision
to break one's heart is easy
we avoid making decisions
heart breakingthe act of breaking hearts
decisions previously made
all hearts broken by him
breaking her heart
they passed a piece of watered-down legislation
tomar una decisión será difícil to_take a decision will be hard it will be hard to_make a decision
solo te tiene que hacer ilusión only to_you has that to_make excitement you only need to be excited about it
las decisiones tomadas ayer son decisivas the decisions taken yesterday are decisive the decisions made yesterday are final
el trato hecho previamente será respetado the agreement made previously will_be observed the previously made agreement will be observed
erabakia hartu decision take decide, make a decision
erabaki asko hartu decision many take make many decisions
emandako pausoak given steps the steps (which were) taken
pauso-ematea step-give the step taking, the action of taking steps
il faut avoir du courage one must to-have some courage to have courage is necessary
les décisions prises hier sont bonnes the decisions taken yesterday are good the decisions that were made yesterday are good
les personnes subissant plusieurs opérations sont fragiles the people undergoing several surgical operations are fragile
γνώμην ἔχεινgnо̄mēn ekhein opinion.ACC have.INF to have an opinion
γνώμην ἔχονταςgnо̄mēn ekhontas opinion.ACC have.PTC.ACT having an opinion
donijeti odluku to bring a decision to make a decision
unaprijed donesena odluka the decision made in advance
prendere una decisione take a decision to make a decision
decisioni prese precedentemente earlier made decisions
prendendo questa decisione by making this decision
voor|gaan before|go to lead (in prayer)
een beslissing nemen to make a decision
eerder genomen beslissingen earlier made decisions
podjąć niejedną trudną decyzję to make several hard decisions
podejmowanie decyzji the making of a decisiondecision making
podejmujący trudne decyzje making hard decisions
tomar essa decisão será difícil to-make this decision will-be difficult to make this decision will be difficult
eu evito tomar decisões precipitadas I avoid to-take decisions precipitated I avoid taking precipitated decisions
a decisão tomada ontem the decision made yesterday
a mulher tomando um banho the woman taking a shower
lua o decizie to make a decision
decizia recent luată the decision recently made
luând decizia making the decision
treba ji je bilo zlomiti srce it was necessary to broke her heart her feelings had to be hurt bad
lomljenje src breaking (people's) hearts hurting (people's) feelings
nedavno zlomljeno srce recently broken heart
për të thyer zemrën e dikujt for to break the heart of someone to break someone's heart
duke e marrë nëpër këmbë dikë while taking someone through feet to mistreat someone
донета одлука doneta odluka a brought decision a decision made (by sb.)
доношење одлука donošenje odluka decision bringing decision making
• Diathesis alternation (passive, impersonal, middle, etc.) Some VMWEs (especially LVCs) do allow diathesis alternation.:
 خاطئ متخذ ال قرار ال the decision wich is made is wrong   (passive alternation)
беше взето важно решение (passive alternation) a decision has been made
ελήφθησαν σημαντικές αποφάσεις (passive alternation) were-taken important decisions important decisions were made
έγιναν σημαντικές αλλαγές (middle alternation) were-made important changes important changes were made
important decisions were made (passive alternation)
decisiones importantes fueron tomadas durante la reunión (passive alternation) decisions important were taken during the meeting important decisions were made during the meeting
las decisiones importantes se toman con calma (middle alternation) the decisions important SE_PARTICLE take with calm important decisions are made quietly
erabaki garrantzitsuak hartu ziren decision importants taken were important decisions were made →middle, impersonal use
les décisions importantes se prennent en groupe the decisions important SELF take in group important decisions are made collectively (middle alternation)
ὁ νόμος ἐτέθηho nomos etethē the law was put.AOR.PAS.3SG the law was established (passive alternation)
νόμον ἔθηκεnomon ethēke law put.AOR.ACT.3SG he established a law / legislated
odluka je donesena the decision was taken (passive alternation)
le decisioni importanti sono state prese the decisions important are been taken important decisions are made (passive alternation)
le decisioni importanti si prendono con calma (middle alternation) the decisions important SE_PARTICLE take with calm important decisions are made quietly
belangrijke beslissingen worden gezamenlijk genomen important decisions are made collectively (passive alternation)
decyzja została podjęta the decision was taken (passive alternation)
decyzje nie podejmują się same decisions do not take SELF alone decisions are not taken on their own (middle alternation)
decisões importantes foram tomadas ontem (passive alternation) decisions important were taken yesterday important decisions were made yesterday
tomam-se decisões importantes aqui (middle alternation) take-SELF decisions important here important decisions are made here
deciziile au fost luate de consiliu decisions-the have been taken by council the decisions have been taken by the council (passive alternation)
njegov piskrček je bil pristavljen k nečemu his little pot was added to someting to join something in order to profit from it (passive alternation)
vendime të rëndësishme janë marrë (passive alternation) decisions important have been taken Important decisions have been made
vendimet e rëndësishme merren me qetësi (middle alternation) the decisions important take-themselves with calmness important decisions are made calmly
важне одлуке су донете važne odluke su donete important decisions were brought important decisions were made
冠军 被 他 拿了 (passive alternation) championship BEI he take LE the championship was won by him
• Expressions with interposed modifiers (e.g. complex determiners and quantifiers, such as half a dozen, an impressive number of, …):
نصائحه مجموعة من الأعطاhe gave him a number of advices → apply tests to أعطى نصيحة give advice
те нанесоха многобройни щети → apply tests to те нанесоха щети
η Μαρία πήρε μερικές πολύ σημαντικές αποφάσεις i Maria pire merikes poly simantikes apofasisthe Maria took some very important decisions Maria made some very important decisions → apply tests to η Μαρία πήρε αποφάσεις i Maria pire apofasisthe Maria took decisionsMaria made decisions
they had taken a significant number of steps → apply tests to they take steps
habían tomado un gran número de decisiones had_they taken a great number of decisions they had made a vast number of decisions → apply tests to habían tomado decisiones
n.a.
ποτέρῳ νῦν χρήσονται τῶν λόγων;poterо̄ nun khrēsontai tо̄n logо̄n? which now use.FUT.3PL the.GEN words.GEN how will they say it now?
donijeli su mnoštvo odluka they have made a lot of decisions
hanno preso un significativo numero di provvedimenti → apply tests to preso provvedimenti
zij namen een aantal belangrijke beslissingen → apply tests to zij nemen beslissingen
dostać połowę spadku to receive half of the heritage → apply tests to dostać spadek receive heritage
nie mieć cienia wątpliwości not to have a shadow of a doubt to have no doubt → apply tests to mieć wątpliwość have a doubt
ele fez o restante do trabalho to make the remainder of the work → apply tests to ele fez o trabalho he did the work
ei au luat o serie de importante decizii they have taken a series of important decisions they have made a series of important decisions
донели су низ одлука doneli su niz odluka they brought a series of decisions they made a series of decisions
他 做 了 很多 错误 的 决定 he make LE many wrong DE decision he has made many wrong decisions

Canonical form

For a given (candidate) VMWE occurrence, if its prototypical forms exist and keep the same meaning, these forms are called canonical.

  a canonical form for   متخذ ال قرار ال the decision madethe decison which is made is قرار يتخذ take a decision
a canonical form for решението, което взеха is взема решение
a canonical form for нанасяйки тежки щети is нанасям щети
a canonical form for das Herz welches er bricht the heart which he breaks is er bricht ihr das Herz he breaks her heart
a canonical form for Wortbruch word-break a promise which has not been hold is Wort brechen to break the word not to hold a promise
. a canonical form for η απόφαση που πήρε ο Γιάννης is ο Γιάννης πήρε μια απόφαση
a canonical form for making an impression on him is she makes an impression on him
a canonical form for the heart which he broke is he broke her heart
a canonical form for making an impression on him is she makes an impression on him
a canonical form for una decisión nunca antes tomada a decision never before taken a decision never made before is ellos tomaron una decisión they took a decision they made a decision
a canonical form for une décision toujours prise a decision always taken is prend une décisionmakes a decision
δόξαν ἣν ἔνιοι ἔχουσιdoxan hēn enioi ekhousi opinion which some have.3PL opinion which some hold
δόξαν ἔχουσιdoxan ekhousi opinion.ACC have.3PL they hold an opinion (canonical form)
a canonical form for odluka koju je donio the decision which he made is donijeti odluku to make a decision
a canonical form for una decisione sempre presa a decision always taken is prende una decisionemakes a decision
a canonical form for het hart dat hij brak the heart he broke is hij brak haar hart makes a decision
a canonical form for decyzje, które podjął decisions which he made is podjął decyzjęhe made a decision
a canonical form for decisão nunca antes tomada decision never before takendecision never made before is eu tomei uma decisãoI made a decision
a canonical form for decizia pe care el a luat-o is el aluat decizia
a canonical form for srca, ki ji je zlomil hearts which he has broken (people's) feelings which he hurt bad is zlomiti komu srce to break someone's heart to hurt someone's feelings bad
a canonical form for njegov piskrček je bil pristavljen k nečemu his little pot was added to someting to join something in order to profit from it is pristaviti svoj piskrček k nečemu to add (one's) pot (to something) to join something in order to profit from it
a canonical form for одлука коју је донела the decision which she made is донела је одлуку donela je odluku she made a decision
a canonical form for 冠军 被 他 拿了 championship BEI he take LE the championship was won by him is 他 拿 了 冠军 he take LE championship he won the championship

For some VMWEs, the only possible forms are not prototypical. For instance, some VMWEs appear in passive voice but never in active voice. If no prototypical form exists or does not preserve the meaning, the given occurrence is considered canonical itself.

броят ми се ребратаbe counted my ribsto be very skinny but not #броя си ребрата I can count my ribs
τα παιδιά της κρέμονται από τη φούστα της ta pedia tis kremonte apo ti fusta tis the children hers hang.PASS from the skirt hers her children depend on her but not#κρεμάνε τα παιδιά της από τη φούστα τηςkremane ta pedia tis apo ti fusta tis hung.3SG the choldren hers from the skirt hers
κρέμομαι από μία κλωστήkremome apo mia klosti hung.1SG.PASS from a thread but not #με κρεμάνε από μία κλωστήme kremane apo mia klosti me.1SG.ACC hung.3PL from a thread
está todo el pescado vendido is_it all the fish sold it's all over bar the shouting but not #he vendido todo el pescado have_I sold all the fish I have sold all the fish
les carrotes sont cuites the carrots are cooked it's too late but not #j'ai cuit les carrotes I have cooked the carrots
kocka je bačena the dice have been thrown alea iacta est
il dado è tratto the dice has been cast the dice is cast
de teerling is geworpen the die has been thrown the die is cast
kości zostały rzuconethe dice have been thrownalea iacta est
vivendo e aprendendo living and learning live and learn but not #vivi e aprendi I-lived and I-learned I lived and I learned
zarurile au fost aruncate dice-the have been cast the die is cast but not cineva a aruncat zarurile someone has cast the dice someone has cast the die
броје ми се ребра broje mi se rebra my ribs are counting I'm thin as a rail but not #бројим си ребра brojim si rebra I'm counting my ribs

The linguistic tests for identification and categorization of VMWEs are always to be applied to a canonical form of the candidate VMWE. Note that, for brevity, many of the VMWE examples in these guidelines are given in their infinitive variants. Still, it is most often a canonical form that is implicitly meant.

Non-verbal variants (not annotated)

Expressions of the syntactic categories mentioned above are considered VMWEs only if they function as verb phrases (in prototypical forms) or nominal phrases (under meaning-preserving variants). Other kinds of variants are not considered VMWEs. This concerns nominalizations morphologically derived from verbs and describing a process, result, state, agent, etc.

вземане на решение making a decision
удар в гърба a stab in the back
високо вдигната летва highly raised bar high bar
играч на карти card player
Wortbruch word-break a promise which has not been hold
η λήψη αποφάσεων the-FE.SG.NOM taking-FE.SG.NOM decisions-GE.PL.GEN deciding
a take-off
toma de decisiones taking of decisions decision making
puesta a punto setting to point set-up
kontu-hartzea issue taking control (n)
la prise en compte the fact of taking into account'
une mise à disposition the fact of making available
τῇ προσέξει τοῦ νοῦth prosexei tou nou the.DAT application.DAT the.GEN attention they paying-attention
donošenje odluke the making of decision
la messa a disposizionethe made to availability the fact of making available
wolkbreuk cloud-break downpour
zabawa czyimś kosztem a play at someone else's expenses derived from bawić się czyimś kosztem to enjoy oneself at someone else's expenses
a tomada de decisão the making of decisions
o tomador de decisão the decision-maker
luarea unei decizii take-noun.suffix a-genit decisionmaking a decision
zlomljeno srce broken heart
забава на туђ рачун zabava na tuđ račun a play at someone else's expenses derived from забавити се на туђ рачун zabaviti se na tuđ račun to enjoy oneself at someone else's expenses

We also do not annotate MWEs containing verbs but functioning as adverbials, adjectives or nominals that are not meaning-preserving variants:

може би (it) may be maybe
разбира се (it) is understood of course
Vergiss-mein-nichtforget-me-notforget-me-not
τα πάρε-δώσε the.NE.PL.ACC give-2SG.IMP take-2SG.IMP relationship of some type
forget-me-not
a run-down apartment
n.a.
izen-ematea name giving registration
peut-être may-be maybe
porte-feuille carry-sheets wallet
couru d'avance run in advance forgone conclusion
ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖνhо̄s epos eipein as word say.INF so to speak
Bog daj God give hello, hi
non-ti-scordar-di-menot you forget-me-forget-me-not
vergeet-mij-niet forget-me-notforget-me-not
zrobić coś za Bóg-zapłać do something for a God-pay to do something for free
um saca-rolhas a pull-corks a corkscrew
um faz-de-conta a make-as-story a make-believe
treacă-meargă pass-golet it be
иди ми - дођи ми idi mi - dođi mi go to me - come to me pell-mell
кафа за понети kafa za poneti coffee to take takeaway coffee

Particular language teams may decide to extend the annotation scope to these variants. It is recommended in this case to introduce a new category for them (e.g. NVPC: nominal verb-particle constructions) so as to keep the (quasi-)universal categories intact.

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