Annotation guidelines (version 2.0)
Used by the PARSEME corpora annotated for multiword expressions

Categories of nominal MWEs

We distinguish two classes of nominal MWEs (NMWEs):

  • Nominal idiom (NID)- a universal category, caracterized by lexical, morphological or syntactic irregularity:
    • (OEG) 𓇓𓏏 𓆤𓏏 nsw - bꞽtꞽ The king of Upper Egypt (𓇓𓏏) and Lower Egypt (𓆤𓏏). The king of Egypt (PT 776a, P) → For the meaning of nsw-bꞽtꞽ see Schenkel, Das Wort für 'König' (von Oberägypten), 1986.
    • φακός επαφήςfakos epafis lense contact.GEN.SG contact lense
    • a big fish an important person
      a hot dog a sandwich with a hot sausage
    • un pesce grosso
      il braccio destro
    • აბრამის ბატკანიabramis batkani Lamb of Abraham Completely innocent, simple person Lamb of God
      ადამის ჟამისadamis žamis Of Adam's time Old, very old person
    • baltais zvirbulis the white sparrow a person who stands out from the crowd
    • blinde vink small roll of minced meat, wrapped in a slice of veal or beef
      hotdog a sandwich with a hot sausage
      zwarte markt black market
    • biały kruk a whit raven a rare thing
    • kokë e madhe big head an important person
    • осиње гнездоosinje gnezdo wasps' nest dangerous place
    • акула бізнесуakula biznesu business shark an agile, goal-oriented person with excellent business skills and undeniable advantages over competitors
      біла воронаbila vorona white crow is a person who is different from the rest
      об’ємний звукob’jemnyj zvuk surround sound sound coming from all directions
      холодна війнаxolodna vijna cold war a period of prolonged tension between countries that did not involve direct military action but included economic and political competition, espionage, etc.
  • Pronominal idiom (PronID) - a universal category constituting a closed lists of cases:
    • (OEG) 𓅱𓌡𓏤 𓊪𓈖 𓇋𓅓 𓎡 wꜥ pn ꞽm(.ꞽ) ⸗k this (pn) one (wꜥ) who-is-in (ꞽm(.ꞽ)) you (⸗k). This one who is in you. (PT 254a)
    • I saw just a few
      I expect no one to come
      we love each other
    • je ne suis pas capable de manger quoi que ça soit I am not able to eat what that this be I cannot eat anything
    • ci amiamo l'un l'altro
    • viens otrsone othersome people
      tas patsthet selfthe same
      kaut kassomething
      dažs labsfew goodsomebody; some people
    • powtarzał ciągle to samo he repeated always this the same he repeated always the same
      coś tam jeszcze something there more something more
      byłoby to co innego it would be what different it would be something else
    • Ne duam njëri-tjetrin. We love each other. We love each other.
    • сам по себиsam po sebi by itself
    • кохаємо один одногоkoxajemo odyn odnoho love each other means that two or more people feel deep love, affection and mutual love for each other
      сама собоюsama soboju by herself of course
  • Deverbal nominal MWE (NV) with subcategories corresponding to the categories of VMWEs from which the nominal MWE can be derived:
    • universal subcategories:
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an LVC.full (NV.LVC.full)
        • a decision maker - deriving from the LVC.full to make a decision
        • lēmuma pieņēmējs a decision maker - derives from the LVC.full pieņemt lēmumu to take a decision to make a decision
        • sianie zgorszenia sowing scandal provoking scandal - derives from the LVC.full siać zgorszenie sow scandal provoke scandal
        • marrës vendimesh "a decision maker" → from "marr një vendim" ("to make a decision").
        • пружање подршкеpružanje podrške providing support - derives from the LVC.full пружати подршку pružati podršku to provide support
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an LVC.cause (NV.LVC.cause)
        • a doubt-raiser - deriving from the LVC.cause to raise doubts
        • nelaimes nešana bringing of misfortune - derives from the LVC.cause nest nelaimi to bring misfortune
        • dostarczanie wrażeń delivering of impressions giving impressions - derives from the LVC.cause dostarczać wrażeń deliver impressions give impressions
        • ngjallës dyshimesh raiser of doubts a doubt-raiser derives from the LVC.cause ngjall dyshime (to raise doubts)
        • изазивање реакцијеizazivanje reakcije provoking a reaction - derives from the LVC.cause изазивати реалцију izazivati reakciju provoke a reaction
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from a VID (NV.VID)
        • Wortbruch word-break a promise which has not been hold - derives from the VID ein Wort brechen word break not to hold a promise
        • (OEG) 𓅓𓎕 𓄣 𓈖 𓇓𓏏𓈖 mḥ ꞽb n(.ꞽ) nsw the-one-who-fills (mḥ) the heart (ꞽb) of (n(.ꞽ)) the king (nsw) The king's confidant (Urk. I 190, 11) = > mḥ nb (⸗ꞽ) ꞽb ⸗f ꞽm (⸗ꞽ) '(My) (⸗ꞽ) lord (nb) filled (mḥ) his (⸗f) heart (ꞽb) with (ꞽm) (me) (⸗ꞽ)' 'My lord trusted me' → It is an NV.VID.full.
        • a heart breaker - deriving from the VID to break one's heart
        • la prise en compte the fact of taking into account - derives from the VID prendre en comptetake into account
          une mise à disposition the fact of making available - derives from the VID mettre à dispositionmake available
        • uno spezzacuori - deriving from the VID spezzare un cuore
        • kāju atstiepšana stretching of one's legs dying - derives from the VID atstiept kājas to stretch one's legs to die
        • zabawa czyimś kosztem a play at someone else's expenses - derives from the VID bawić się czyimś kosztem to enjoy oneself at someone else's expenses
        • thyerës zemrash breaker of hearts heartbreaker derives from the VID thyej zemrën (break the heart)
        • долазак на светdolazak na svet coming to the world birth - derives from the VID dolaziti na svet
          одузимање животаoduzimanje života depriving of life deprivation of life - derives from the VID одузети живот oduzeti život take a life
    • quasi-universal subcategories:
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an IRV (NV.IRV)
        • cackanie sięz przestępcami dealing too mildly with bandits - derives from the IRV cackać się dealing too mildly with someone
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an IVPC.full (NV.IVPC.full)
        • a take-off - deriving from the IVPC.full to take off
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an IVPC.semi (NV.IVPC.semi)
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an MVC (NV.MVC)
    • optional experimental subcategory:
      • Deverbal nominal stemming from an IAV (NV.IAV)

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